What is PON Technology?

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What is PON Technology?

PON is the abbreviation of Passive Optical Network. It is a very important type of optical fiber access system, occupying a dominant position in the access market. PON technology only uses optical fibers and passive components (such as PON splitters and combiners), and does not use active components such as amplifiers, repeaters, or shaping circuits. According to different PON terminals, the network system can be divided into fiber to the home (FTTH), fiber to the curb (FTTC), fiber to the building (FTTB), etc.

Types of PON Technology

APON

APON is the abbreviation of Asynchronous Transmission Mode Passive Optical Network. APON technology is based on the ATM protocol, also called ATMPON. APON rate comply 155Mbps and ITU-T G.983 standard. APON is the original PON technology system used for commercial deployment. With the rapid development of Ethernet technology, APON technology is basically no longer used.

BPON

BPON is the abbreviation of Broadband Passive Optical Networks. BPON is an enhancement after the APON standard. BPON uplink and downlink speeds of 155Mbps and 1.25Gbps respectively. It also adds functions such as dynamic bandwidth allocation and protection, and can provide services such as Ethernet access, video transmission, and high-speed leased lines. The disadvantage of BPON is that its bandwidth and coverage are limited during long-distance transmission. Its capacity is small because of limited by optical loss and splitting ratio of the optical splitter.

GPON

GPON is the abbreviation of Gigabit Passive Optical Networks. GPON supports various transmission rates of the same protocol. The laser with a wavelength of 1490 nm transmits downstream data, while the upstream data is transmitted at a wavelength of 1310 nm. The maximum downlink data rate is 2.5 Gbps, and the maximum uplink data rate is 1.25 Gbps. GPON sends downlink broadcast packets, and GPONS uplink TDMA (time division multiplexing) mode. The GPON network mainly consists of OLT (optical line terminal), ODN (optical distribution network) and ONU (optical network unit).
The GPON technology has many advantages such as high bandwidth, high efficiency, large coverage, and rich user interfaces. GPON is an ideal technology for broadband and comprehensive transformation of network access services. Gpon is used more and more widely.

EPON

EPON is the abbreviation of Ethernet Passive Optical Networks. EPON technology provides a bidirectional 1 GB/s link. The downlink uses a 1490nm wavelength, and the uplink uses a 1310nm wavelength. The 1550nm wavelength is reserved for future expansion or additional services. The original line data rate in both the upstream and downstream directions is 1.25 GB/s. With the advantages of scalability, simplicity, multicast convenience, and full-service access capabilities, EPON is used in networks in many regions of Asia. EPON main advantage is its economic, the network cost is low based on EPON technology.

PON technology evolution chart

Advantages of PON Technology

They use existing optical fibers, their deployment costs are lower, maintenance is simple, scalability is flexible, and they are easy to upgrade.

The PON network is not susceptible to electromagnetic interference and noise, and can maintain signal integrity.

PON can provide a wide range of services to a large number of users.

Disadvantages of PON

They need extensive fiber deployment.

Due to the amount of management traffic overhead transmitted from the central office to a single customer ONU, larger networks may become less efficient.

PON must comply with strict transmission distance restrictions.

Conclusion

The article tell us what is pon technology and the advantages and disadvantages of different PON.
As the demand for faster Internet services and more videos grows, PON is becoming more and more popular. EPON and GPON are currently the most commonly deployed PON systems. PON network is undoubtedly an effective solution for multiple network users. As people have been seeking a higher bandwidth supply, so in the near future, the transmission capacity will be greatly improved.